A Federated Model in Building Information Modeling (BIM) refers to the integration of multiple discipline-specific 3D models into a single, unified digital representation of a construction project or building asset.
In a typical BIM workflow, the architectural, structural, MEP, and other trade models are authored independently by different teams using various software tools. The federated model acts as a shared platform that virtually combines or "federates" these separate but interconnected component models.
This federated environment allows all stakeholders to visualize and coordinate the complete, multi-disciplinary BIM model containing integrated data from all disciplines. It provides a holistic, consolidated view of the asset instead of working with fragmented individual models.
The key aspect is that within the federated model, each discipline model retains its distinct identity, authorship and integrity. Changes made to one component model only affect that portion, without automatically propagating across other discipline models unless explicitly linked.
This parallel multiplicity allows teams to work concurrently on their respective models per their scope while the federated model serves as the common data environment for overall multi-disciplinary coordination, clash detection, and design reviews.
Federated models align seamlessly with BIM collaboration principles by enabling transparency and synthesis of input from all project participants into a unified digital twin representation accessible to all approved stakeholders.
Specialized model federation and data management tools facilitate this aggregation process by establishing relationships and maintaining version control between the federated components based on predefined protocols.
