Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process that involves creating detailed digital models of buildings and other constructed assets like bridges, roads, and utilities. These digital models contain information about the physical and functional characteristics of the asset, such as the dimensions, materials, and systems used in construction.
The models act as a shared knowledge resource that various stakeholders like architects, engineers, contractors, and facility managers can reference and contribute to throughout the entire lifecycle of the asset - from the initial planning stages through design, construction, operations, and eventual demolition.
BIM models are created using specialized computer software that allows the integration of data across different disciplines involved in the design and construction process. The detailed digital representation enables better analysis, coordination, visualization, and simulation than traditional 2D drawings.
While the core concepts behind BIM emerged in the 1970s, it wasn't until the early 2000s that the process and terminology became widely adopted across the construction industry. The development of open standards like the Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) data model and the ISO 19650 series of international standards have facilitated broader implementation of BIM.
In essence, BIM is a collaborative way of creating, managing, and sharing information about constructed assets using intelligent 3D modeling throughout the asset's lifecycle. The integrated digital workflow improves efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making compared to traditional documentation methods.
